LYSIS - INSULATION - Pool About

The roofs are those parts of the outer shell that receive the environmental effects more strongly than all others (rain, snow, frost, wind, solar radiation, temperature stresses, etc.). Their intense strain is one of the reasons that cause the most damage to them. Detachment of materials, swelling in layers, premature aging of sealing and thermal insulation materials, cracks and fissures, formation of rashes and spots on the roof are the most common damages that appear on roofs and which, for the most part, are due to insufficient, poor or faulty insulation their.

The correct design of the insulation and the observance of the basic building principles are the basic conditions for the minimization of all these problems and the proper functioning of the house. In addition, ongoing maintenance and repair of any damage that appears helps to extend their lifespan.

Basic layers of insulation - application process

The basic layers of insulation are:

Thermal insulation

Layer gradients

Waterproofing

1. Substrate control and preparation

Good cleaning of the slab, scraping of protrusions, removal of frills and restoration of cavities with repair mortar.

Application of a "vapour barrier" or safety waterproofing with double bituminous coating or with spreadable cementitious on the slab and on the vertical surfaces, parapets and walls, up to a height of 20 cm.

Roofs with old insulation should be checked with a cross-section, for the thickness, the type of layers, the existence of trapped moisture and to evaluate the case of detachment of the old insulation or its preservation, as a substrate for the new one.

2. Thermal insulation

The heat insulating material considered the most suitable for the roof is extruded polystyrene with a coefficient of thermal conductivity λ = 0.030 W/mK – 0.033 W/mK.

The thermal insulation sheets are placed without gaps between them and covering the entire surface of the roof to avoid thermal bridges.

The correct position of the thermal insulation layer is above the reinforced concrete slab and not below. This is the only way to utilize the thermal capacity of the plate and limit the effect of thermal bridges.

Thickness of thermal insulation material

The thickness of the thermal insulation material should ensure the minimum requirements of the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation (K.EN.A.K.). It is particularly advantageous to apply greater thermal insulation thicknesses, ensuring low energy consumption.

A 1 cm more thermal insulation compared to 5 cm, results in 20 % less losses and by extension 20 % less energy and money consumption.

3. Slope layer 1.5 %

The removal of water from the roof is a basic principle for the proper functioning of the insulation.

Gutters should be precisely shaped by properly dividing the surface per gutter. They are made either with foam concrete or pearl concrete, when we are interested in not burdening the structure with loads, or with garbilo concrete or cement mortar.

4. Waterproofing

The roof waterproofing solutions that cover the particularly increased requirements, in terms of strength, elasticity, lifetime, etc. are:

With elastomer asphalt cloths

With PVC films, FPO etc

With liquid spreadable reinforced membranes

Substrate control and preparation

Check for moisture, loose parts and cavities. Restoration of cracks and cavities with repair mortar.

Forming a hatch with cement mortar at the junction of parapet and slope layer.

Thorough cleaning of the substrate.

Priming of the surface depending on the type of waterproofing.

5. Patency layer

The permeability layer is not a basic layer of the roof insulation but is related to its type of use.

When the use of the roof is limited, the construction of a passability layer is not necessary. In this case the final layer of insulation is the waterproofing with technical characteristics for final layer and UV resistance.

When the conventional roof is configured as passable, it can be covered with paving slabs, tiles, marble, industrial concrete, pebbles, deck, etc.

The protection of the waterproofing and its separation, with geotextile or polyethylene, from the paving is particularly important because it prevents the direct transfer of thermal contractions that cause stress and premature aging of the waterproofing.

The creation of perimeter expansion joints and intermediate ones, in the passability layer, is particularly necessary to avoid stress and detachment of the waterproofing from the parapets, not to cause cracks in the parapets and plasters.

Sensitive points in roof insulation

Investigation for possible thermal bridges in parapets, inverted beams, bases and their treatment.

Arrangement of hydraulic pipes, solar panels, air conditioners, electrical cables, etc., which penetrate the roof to ensure their absolute tightness.

The metal bases of solar panels, photovoltaic panels, antennas, railings, etc., as discontinuities of the waterproofing, should be treated in particular.

Investigate the necessity of installing surface vents to escape trapped moisture.

Ensuring the joint of the roof waterproofing with the gutters.

The perimeter assurance of the end of the waterproofing and the sealing of the parapet.

It is necessary to form expansion joints around the perimeter of the parapets and in between in hemp every 9-12 m2, throughout the depth of the final coating and filling with polyurethane mastic.

Inverted roof insulation

The main feature of inverted insulation is that the waterproofing is under the thermal insulation layer. It is also characterized by the ability to move the thermal insulation layer and its coating.

The inverted insulation solution is also suitable for old roofs that have correct slopes, but without thermal insulation and waterproofing.

Layering - application process

1. Slope layer 1.5 %

2. Waterproofing

The roof waterproofing solutions that cover the particularly increased requirements, in terms of strength, elasticity, lifetime, etc. are:

With elastomer asphalt cloths

With PVC films, FPO etc

With liquid spreadable reinforced membranes

Substrate control and preparation

Check for moisture, loose parts and cavities. Restoration of cracks and cavities with repair mortar.

Forming a hatch with cement mortar at the junction of parapet and slope layer.

Thorough cleaning of the substrate.

Priming of the surface depending on the type of waterproofing.

3. Thermal insulation

The heat insulating material considered the most suitable for the roof is extruded polystyrene with a coefficient of thermal conductivity λ = 0.030 W/mK – 0.033 W/mK.

The thermal insulation sheets are placed without gaps between them and covering the entire surface of the roof to avoid thermal bridges.

4. Final coating

The thermal insulation, as it is the upper layer, must be protected both from solar radiation, and from the wind and the buoyancy that the accumulation of rainwater can cause in the lightweight thermal insulation plates. The covering layer may consist of:

Pavement slabs that step either directly or on special plastic supports on top of the waterproofing and form a passable surface,

Pebbles or gravel in a total layer thickness of 7-10 cm and form a merely accessible surface.

In any case, a geotextile is inserted between the thermal insulation and the final coating as a separating layer.

An alternative thermal insulation and final coating solution is the composite thermal insulation tile, composed of extruded polystyrene plates 5-8 cm thick and off-white cement board, 2 cm thick. The dimensions of the plates are 60X30 cm.

External thermal insulation of walls

Advantages

Energy saving

External thermal insulation eliminates thermal bridges, utilizes the thermal capacity of the walls, ensuring thermal comfort in the interior. It significantly reduces the temperature differences between the inner surface of the walls and that of the air, significantly contributing to the reduction of heating and cooling costs.

Waterproofing of facades

External thermal insulation offers perfect protection against rain and external moisture. It also protects against mold, bacteria and indoor moisture by ensuring uniform humidity throughout the interior.

Avoiding cracks - aesthetic enhancement of the building

The universal reinforcement with glass mesh combined with the elastomericity of the mortars and the final colored coating, ensure the ideal image of the building over time, without cracks, peeling, salts and moisture.

Ideal solution for renovation and energy upgrade of an existing building

During the application of the external thermal insulation, the functions of using the building are not interrupted. It implements external surfaces of excellent aesthetics while maintaining the architectural character and identity of the building.

It adds value to the property

A high rating in the energy performance certificate increases the commercial value of the property.

Systems based on thermal insulation material

1. Extruded polystyrene kelyfos

DOW XENERGY, with thermal conductivity coefficient (λ = 0.030 W/mK)

DOW STYROFOAM (λ = 0.033 W/mK)

2. Expanded polystyrene EPS

White polystyrene (λ = 0.037 W/mK )

Graphite polystyrene (λ = 0.032 W/mK )

3. Rockwool ( λ = 0.040 W/mK )

Thickness of thermal insulation material

The thickness of the thermal insulation material should ensure the minimum requirements of the Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation (K.EN.A.K.). It is particularly advantageous to apply greater thermal insulation thicknesses, ensuring low energy consumption.

A 1 cm more thermal insulation compared to 5 cm, results in 20 % less losses and by extension 20 % less energy and money consumption.

External thermal insulation application process

1. Substrate control and preparation

We carefully examine the condition of the substrate and carry out the following checks:

Checking the flatness of facades by mechanical or electronic means.

Checking the surfaces for moisture and loose parts.

Once the cause of the moisture has been identified, the appropriate waterproofing solution is applied. Removed loose points are repaired with suitable mortar.

Checking the adhesion of old paints

Cleaning all surfaces with water jets, from dust, debris, grease, algae, etc.

Control of cracks and loose concrete elements

It is particularly important, for the earthquake resistance of the building, that corroded areas are exposed and not "covered" and repaired in the right way:

Loose concrete removal

Armature cleaning

Corrosion protection of reinforcement

Adhesion primer

Restoration with repair non-shrink mortar

Corrosion inhibitor

2. Installation of heat-insulating plates

Gluing and leveling of the heat-insulating plates, in the shape of a building.

Mechanical support of the slabs with special anchors, at a density determined by the special conditions of the project, 6-8 anchors / m2. The anchors are sunk 2 cm into the heat-insulating plate. The gap is sealed with a polystyrene washer and polyurethane foam.

Grinding the surface of the thermal insulation boards with a special grinder with sandpaper to achieve perfect flatness.

3. Placement of special pieces

To protect all corners, plastic corner caps with glue are installed.

When foreseen, blinds are formed and the special pieces of glass mesh are placed.

When drippers are provided, the corresponding special pieces are installed.

4. Basic coating - installation of glass mesh

On the heat-insulating plates, the first layer of mortar is laid and the anti-alkali reinforcement glass mesh is attached to it over the entire surface.

At the corners of the openings, a second glass mesh is placed as additional reinforcement.

This is followed by a second layer of mortar, which completely covers the glass mesh.

Sealing with polyurethane mastic, the joints in the marble skirtings, etc., to ensure tightness at the ends of the system.

5. Final colored coating

Primer is applied on the basic plaster, after it has hardened.

Next is the application of the final colored coating.

The options for the final coating are unlimited: Variety of colors, grain sizes from 1 mm - 2.5 mm and different types: inorganic, acrylic, silicone, silicate.

6. Sensitive points of external thermal insulation

The tightness at the ends of the external thermal insulation system is particularly important to prevent the ingress of moisture, which, apart from the other problems it causes, significantly reduces the performance of the thermal insulation. Liquid building materials have 24 times greater thermal conductivity. We use energy to evaporate the trapped moisture and not to heat the interior.

The assembly of the external thermal insulation with the insulation of the roof, terraces and basement should be done with special care and the protection of the seals should be ensured.

The zone of the external thermal insulation that is in contact with the ground, the pavement and the terraces should be particularly protected against rising moisture and bouncing rain. Waterproofing is applied in two phases: before sticking the heat-insulating boards and before the final coating.

The horizontal surfaces (parapet caps) are waterproofed before the application of the final coating.

The joints of the external thermal insulation with the marble plinths, frames, pergolas, railings, etc. should be sealed with polyurethane mastic.

Moisture that comes from the ground is one of the most serious forms of moisture. It is due to its presence in underground or surface water, stagnant or moving, and through the capillaries of the soil and construction materials, it rises to the building. It attacks any structure indiscriminately, penetrating through side walls, foundations, and through the basement or ground floor slab that comes into contact with the ground.

When the underground water table is above the level of the foundation, the appropriate solution is that of a waterproofing basin, which deals with the foundation and the perimeter walls of the basement.

When we have surface stagnant or flowing water or shallow underground water, we apply the following solution:

External wall insulation

1. Preparation - restoration of walls

Drilling the work stop joints, cutting the hairpins and wooden mullets to a depth of 3 cm. Removal of loose concrete. Breaking the strong protrusions.

Application of water jetting on the entire surface to clean from mold oil residues, scum, dust, etc.

Restoration with repair mortar of all nests and holes that have been created.

2. Waterproofing

Spreadable rubber cement

Penetrating cementitious

Asphalt pavement

3. Thermal insulation

Pasting of extruded polystyrene thermal insulation plates, without gaps between them and covering the entire surface of the wall to avoid thermal bridges.

4. Protection- Drainage

For the vertical drainage of the water that comes into contact with the walls and the protection of the insulation from mechanical stresses, a drainage membrane is placed. The mechanical support of the membrane is at a level higher than the end of the waterproofing.

Perimeter drainage system

A double-wall drainage pipe, 10-16 cm in diameter, surrounded by a layer of gravel and geotextile is placed around the perimeter at the level of the foundation.

A planted roof means a roof covered with vegetation that grows in controlled conditions with energy, economic and environmental benefits.

The types of planted roof, depending on the thickness of the soil substrate and the height of the vegetation, are divided into the following categories:

Expansive type (soil thickness 10-20 cm)

Semi-intensive type (soil thickness 20-45 cm)

Intensive type (soil thickness 45-120 cm)

The special characteristics of the insulation of the planted roof are:

Prediction from the static study of the building, for the increased loads of the planting. Enhanced waterproofing with anti-radical resistance.

Complex drainage system that filters and stores in cavities the necessary water for the growth of plants, drains the surplus and ensures the necessary aeration of the soil.

Suitable soil substrate.

Pool repainting with epoxy paint

Pre-treatment of the surface, treatment of leaks in the pool in the overflow channel and in the tank.

Repair of lip marble joints.

New pool

Pool, overflow channel and tank waterproofing.

Construction of cement mortar

Final coating

Repair - reinforcement of concrete

Concrete repair

In old buildings, very often, we observe signs of corrosion and oxidation of the reinforcement in the concrete elements on the roof, in the external walls, in the parapets and in the pier, which are more exposed to the environmental factors.

It is particularly important, for the earthquake resistance of the building, that corroded points are identified and not left as "open wounds" but repaired in the right way:

Loose concrete removal

Armature cleaning

Corrosion protection of reinforcement

Adhesion primer

Restoration with repair non-shrink mortar

Corrosion inhibitor

Reinforcement of concrete with FRP

A new concrete reinforcement technique with many advantages is the technique using composite materials, which are attached to the elements to be reinforced with epoxy resins.

Composite materials consist of particularly high-strength carbon or glass fibers and take the form of either flexible fabric (carbon fiber, fiberglass) or rigid laminate (carbon laminate).

Resin industrial floors

Resin floors are thin, colored coatings of resins with quartz aggregates that, after hardening, acquire high mechanical resistances and "industrial" aesthetics.

The resin floors are applied in areas with special requirements such as industrial production and storage areas, parking areas, hotels, shops, as well as in residences supporting architectural options that are in line with modern trends.

Depending on their chemical composition, resin floors are divided into epoxy, polyurethane, cementitious, etc.

Depending on the method of application, resin floors are divided into self-leveling, spreadable, multi-layered, troweled, pressed cement mortars, etc.

Characteristics of resin floors

High mechanical strengths - compression, adhesion, surface hardness

Excellent chemical resistance

High thermal resistance (from -40 0C to +120 0C)

Conductivity of static electricity

Closed-pore non-absorbent

Hygiene - Ease of cleaning

Smooth or non-slip surface

Quick build- Quick use

Application on difficult substrates

Color variety

Possibility of quick repair

For each space, the specific requirements of the floor should be investigated and the corresponding resin floor selected.

Resin flooring application process

1. Substrate control and preparation

We carefully examine the condition of the substrate and carry out the following checks:

Moisture control

Control of compressive and tensile strength

Check for fats and oils

Check for cracks and expansion joints

Flatness check

The surface of the substrate is treated with the appropriate shot blasting system, milling machine, mechanical sander, etc., to ensure the ideal adhesion of the resin floor. Simultaneous absorption of the produced dust takes place

2. Substrate priming

Selection of the appropriate primer corresponding to its particular situation

substrate, resulting from the controls.

3. Repair of cracks - Smoothing layer - reinforcement

The type of cracks is assessed and repaired accordingly.

Smoothing the surface with epoxy mortar.

In special cases, when reinforcement is deemed necessary, a thin glass mesh is attached with resin.

4. Final coating

5. Expansion joints - protective varnishes

Opening, with a special hilti joint cutter, of the joints that will function as expansion joints, in an arrangement and width that will result from a study of all parameters.

Depending on the type of resin floor and its use, we apply different types of varnishes.

LYSIS – ISOLATIONS

LYSIS – ISOLATIONS

LYSIS – ISOLATIONS

Roof insulations

External insulation

Basement waterproofing

Planted roofs

Swimming pools - waterproofing

Repair - reinforcement

Rhenic floors