Permanent pool sealing (existing construction) with Penetron's endochemical action and crystal growth system or using conventional Sealcoat Systems
INTRODUCTION:
Existing concrete pools are considered to be those that are fully constructed (perhaps already in use), often with a landscaped garden or surrounding surfaces (covered with tiles, wood, marble, etc.) or adjacent to other constructions, such as buildings , basements, garages, wall visit tunnels, etc. Also, there are unfinished pools, with existing concrete walls or, in some cases, with smoothing cement mortar but not finished with a finished surface (tiles, paints, etc.).
I. Waterproofing of a swimming pool with a finished surface of the concrete surface.
1. Repair of concrete nests from non-woven parts, as well as sealing of "morels" and "hairpins" with PENETRON® penetrating penetrant and the repair agent of corresponding technology PENECRETE MORTAR and repair of cracks with running water with the fast-setting mortar with PENEPLUG® crystal growth.
Initially, depending on the planning of the progress of the work, we can clean and process the surface of the concrete with high pressure water jetting (300 – 500 bar), so that we can have a better "picture" of the individual problems. Penetron
Next, we treat water inflow from cracks with PENEPLUG® active crystal growth quick-setting mortar, (mixed with minimal water, loam form). For the application of PENEPLUG®, we should widen the cracks with a digging tool to a width of 2-3 cm and with a conical base on the inside, for better anchoring of the fast gel during its application. We deal with the stop joints in the same way, cutting on both sides with a cutting wheel and then creating a conical "gutter", about 3 cm wide, using a digging tool. Then, we apply the PENEPLUG® fast-setting mortar. Penetron
In some cases, depending on the design of the works, we can apply PENEPLUG® first, so as to limit the inflow of water and then the treatment with water jetting, since PENEPLUG® has acquired good mechanical resistance. It must be clarified that after the PENEPLUG® has been pulled (still fresh), 1 – 2 layers of PENETRON® aqueous chemical action and crystal growth mixture should be applied, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3 – 3 .5 parts of water (by volume), for easy application with a brush, and a total consumption for both layers of approximately 1.5 kg/m2. Penetron
By mechanical means we widen the holes and nests that have resulted from concreting. Also, by mechanical means we widen the area around the "hairpins" to a width of at least 35 mm and a depth of 20-30 mm. Then we cut the "hairpin" with a wheel about 20 mm in. The "morels" are required to be completely removed or at least cut, creating a 30 x 30 x 40mm reverse wedge recess. We rinse the holes with plenty of water, on the one hand to remove the generated solids, on the other hand to saturate the area with water, which is a necessary condition for the operation of the penetrating, penetrating, sealing material with chemical action and crystal growth PENETRON ® and the same technology repair PENECRETE MORTAR. On a surface that is wet and without water pools, apply an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® sealing material, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3.5 parts water (by volume), only in the area of the holes and nests and 1 cm around them . While the PENETRON® sealant is still fresh, mix PENECRETE MORTAR powder with enough water to achieve the desired plasticine texture [usual mixing ratio is 4.5 parts PENECRETE MORTAR with 1 part of water (by volume)] and fill the holes and nests of the poor concreting. As soon as the repair mortar PENECRETE MORTAR has set, but is still wet, a second, only local, application with an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® follows. Penetron
2. Application of PENETRON® crystal growth endochemical sealant
It is possible to either apply PENETRON® water-based coating, penetrating, sealing material with chemical action and crystal development only to the inner surface of the pool, or to the outer surface as well (after excavating the surrounding surface). Alternatively, on the external surface it is possible to apply the SEALCOAT FLEX system (22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT in a solution with 4 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg water), reinforced with mesh or without, or the application of the elastomeric polyurethane membrane, two components, PENECOAT™ HYPER ELASTIC BLACK, by roller, brush or notched trowel, on the properly primed and prepared surface. Penetron
This is followed by soaking for 1 – 2 days to activate the PENETRON® crystal growth system and then a 12 day wait for the system to fully activate. Then, the pool is filled with cold clean water (for 3-4 days) and emptied, for the complete cleaning and control of the pool.
3. Neutralization
Because the application of PENETRON® products on the concrete surface causes the formation and appearance of silicates, not only inside the concrete, but most of the time also on the application surface (usually after the first 48 hours), you create a technical issue with the reduction the adhesion of decorative coatings or paints. The problem is dealt with by the process called "neutralization". Neutralization is essentially a "washing" of the surface after about 3 weeks (safe time of PENETRON® system operation) with a low "aggressive" acid, such as a 3-8% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution or a vinegar solution with water (in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, depending on acidity). Penetron
During application, after cleaning the surface with a broom, using a brush and a plastic container containing the neutralization liquid, we "wash" the surface and then, after a few minutes, rinse with plenty of clean water. The surface can then, after drying, be plastered or painted. Penetron. Alternatively, in the case of coatings or coating mortars, it can be applied within 48 hours and before the appearance of silicates on the surface. In this case, the time for overlay is minimized, however, the inability to control the correct application and operation of the system remains a disadvantage. Also, in this case, there is always a small chance that some percentage of crystals will penetrate the mortars or plasters and appear slightly on their surface. Penetron
4. Applying a layer of adhesion and "mud" or mortar, to cover the concrete elements, to smooth the walls and bottom of the pool.
Initially, an adhesion layer is applied on the concrete elements for the application of the main cement mortar. The adhesion layer includes either the application of the acrylic resin PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE or PRIMER STX 100, depending on the conditions of the substrate, undiluted with an indicative consumption of 4.9 Lt/m2, or the application of adhesion material, "cast", which consists of of 1 part cement with 2-3 parts sand (by volume) mixed in an aqueous solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX acrylic resin with two parts water (by volume).
Then the "guides" are made for the application of the filler or mortar. The "drivers" and "fill" consist of 1 part cement and 3 parts sand mixed in a solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX building resin with two to three parts water (by volume), to which polypropylene fibers are also added to prevent cracking . The cement content of the leveling mortar and "guides" is 400-500 kg/m3. Also, PENETRON ADMIX® is added in a proportion of 0.8 – 1% by weight of cement.
NOTE: In all previous applications lime is never used. Penetron
5. Finishing layer of cement mortar (fine or ground).
After the smoothing layer with cement mortar ("slurry"), there is usually a thin layer of mortar with fine aggregates and a very good finish. Especially in cases where pool paint follows (PENECOAT POOL).
This thin finish layer can be produced with conventional materials such as fine sand and quartz aggregates and high cement content (>400 kg/m3). It is also possible to apply, alternatively, a finished product with fine quartz aggregates, PENETRON® TOP FINISH FINE, with an indicative consumption of 1.6 kg/m2 per mm of thickness, usually in a gray or white shade. It is recommended to use an adhesion primer (PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE). Finally, PENECOAT POOL polyurethane pool paint is used in the desired color, with an indicative consumption of 0.15 to 0.20 kgr/m2 per layer. It is applied in two or three layers. Penetron
6. Finishing the smoothing layer by gluing tiles.
After applying the smoothing layer, instead of using PENECOAT POOL polyurethane pool paint, it is possible to glue tiles. It is recommended to pre-seal the surface of the cement mortar with the elastic or flexible, correspondingly, two-component eliptic sealing mortar SEALCOAT FLEX (flexible system by mixing 22.68 kg of PENETRON® SEALCOAT in solution with 4 kg of PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg of water) or SEALCOAT ELASTIC (elastic system by mixing 22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT with 12 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC), depending on the requirements of the project, i.e. small and large requirements in bridging capillary cracks. Apply an aqueous coat of the required SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC evenly with a short-bristled brush. The next day, apply a second coat perpendicular to the first. The required consumption of the mixture SEALCOAT™ FLEX ~ 2kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers and SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC is ~ 2.5kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers. It is also possible to reinforce SEALCOAT™ SYSTEMS with glass mesh (5x5 mm frame). In this case, place the glass mesh on the fresh first layer and completely cover the mesh with the second layer, the next day. If required, apply a third coat of SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC. The addition of glass mesh may increase the consumption of the mixture to about 3 kg/m2 in total in all 3 layers.
Usually if it is considered that the leveling cement mortar does not present problems or cracks, the SEALCOAT FLEX system is applied, for better adhesion of the glue to the surface or in special cases where it is necessary to bridge larger cracks on the surface of the mortar, the SEALCOAT ELASTIC system is applied. For gluing tiles over SEALCOAT SYSTEMS, a special FLEX adhesive for swimming pools is used.
7. Placement of corresponding PENEBAR SW hydro-inflatable cord on pool pipes and fittings.
In the case of retrofitting components or pipes that require perimeter sealing/sealing, the corresponding perimeter installation of PENEBAR SW water-inflatable cords is recommended (recommended type of controlled expansion PENEBAR SW 55 TYPE B or often half of type 55 B). The material is placed at a depth of at least 5 cm and covered with fast-setting hydraulic mortar with PENEPLUG® crystal growth.
NOTE: The perimeter cavity for placing the hydro-expandable cord that will then be filled with PENEPLUG® should be in the form of an inverted wedge, for better anchoring of the mortar.
II. Waterproofing – repair of failures of an existing pool, with tiles or mosaics on the final surface.
A. In the case of an existing swimming pool with shaped end surfaces, with tiles or mosaics, where cracks, failures and water loss have been observed, then the removal of the tiles or mosaics and the repair of the microcracks on the surface of the cement smoothing mortar, using conventional repair materials, are considered materials.
1A. Removing the tiles or mosaics and checking the leveling cement mortar (healthy cement mortar).
First, the tiles are stripped or the paint is removed and the smoothing cement mortar is checked for any failures. If the leveling cement mortar is healthy, the surface is cleaned of friable or polluting factors, which can negatively affect the adhesion of the repair materials and wetting of the substrate as water saturation. This is followed by the application of either PENETRON® MULTI PATCH general repair concrete repair mortar, or PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH polymer-modified early strength mortar, using PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE acrylic adhesion improver to stabilize the substrate and increase adhesion , where this is deemed necessary. PENETRON® MULTI PATCH requires 3.1 kg to 3.4 kg of pure water per 25 kg of mortar and PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH requires 4.7 Lt to 5 Lt of pure water per 22.68 kg of mortar. For the repair of large cavities (larger than 50 mm fillings), we add to PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH, granular aggregate, up to 1 cm. The percentage of aggregates we add must not exceed 25% by weight of PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH. For repairs subject to hydrostatic pressure and active leaks, PENETRON® WATERPLUG RAPID fast setting conventional repair mortar is applied. Immediately after mixing in the proper proportion, as soon as PENETRON® WATERPLUG RAPID has a plastic texture or a "sandstone" texture, depending on the application, apply the material with force to the repair site, pressing it firmly by hand, trowel or another flat object. Press firmly for over a minute. In case of heavy water flow, press for about 6 minutes. Remove excess material with a knife or any sharp object. Do not use a trowel or brush. The final surface of the repairs is finished with suitable means, until a smooth surface is achieved.
2A. Finishing the smoothing layer by gluing tiles.
It is recommended to seal the surface of the cement mortar with SEALCOAT FLEX, an elastic or flexible, two-component adhesive sealant (flexible system by mixing 22.68 kg of PENETRON® SEALCOAT in solution with 4 kg of PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg of water) or SEALCOAT ELASTIC (elastic system by mixing 22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT with 12 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC), depending on the requirements of the project, i.e. small and large requirements in bridging capillary cracks. Apply an aqueous coat of the required SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC evenly with a short-bristled brush. The next day, apply a second coat perpendicular to the first. The required consumption of the mixture SEALCOAT™ FLEX ~ 2kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers and SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC is ~ 2.5kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers. It is also possible to reinforce SEALCOAT™ SYSTEMS with glass mesh (5x5 mm frame). In this case, place the glass mesh on the fresh first layer and completely cover the mesh with the second layer, the next day. If required, apply a third coat of SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC. The addition of glass mesh may increase the consumption of the mixture to about 3 kg/m2 in total in all 3 layers.
Usually if it is considered that the leveling cement mortar does not present problems or cracks, the SEALCOAT FLEX system is applied, for better adhesion of the glue to the surface or in special cases where it is necessary to bridge larger cracks on the surface of the mortar, the SEALCOAT ELASTIC system is applied. For gluing tiles over SEALCOAT SYSTEMS, a special FLEX adhesive for swimming pools is used.
B. In the case of an existing swimming pool with shaped end surfaces, with tiles or mosaics, where cracks, failures and water loss have been observed, where greater problems are observed on the surface of the cement mortar (detachments - cracks), then the removal of the tiles or mosaics is considered and removal of smoothing cement mortar and repair and sealing of healthy concrete, using the PENETRON® crystal growth endochemical system on the surface of the concrete.
1B. Stripping the tiles and checking the leveling cement mortar (loose cement mortar).
First, the tiles or tesserae are stripped and the leveling cement mortar is checked for any failures. If the smoothing cement mortar shows failures and its removal is deemed necessary, its removal is carried out using high pressure water jets (300 – 500 bar), until the healthy concrete is exposed.
Next, we treat water ingress from cracks with PENEPLUG® active crystal growth quick-setting mortar (mixed with minimal water, loam form). For the application of PENEPLUG®, we should widen the cracks with a digging tool to a width of 2-3 cm and with a conical base on the inside, for better anchoring of the fast gel during its application. We deal with the stop joints in the same way, cutting on both sides with a cutting wheel and then creating a conical "gutter", about 3 cm wide, using a digging tool. Then, we apply the PENEPLUG® fast-setting mortar.
In some cases, depending on the design of the works, we can apply PENEPLUG® first, so as to limit the inflow of water and then the treatment with water jetting, since PENEPLUG® has acquired good mechanical resistance. It must be clarified that after the PENEPLUG® has been pulled (still fresh), 1 – 2 layers of PENETRON® aqueous chemical action and crystal growth mixture should be applied, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3 – 3 .5 parts of water (by volume), for easy application with a brush, and a total consumption for both layers of approximately 1.5 kg/m2.
By mechanical means we widen the holes and nests that have resulted from concreting. Also, by mechanical means we widen the area around the "hairpins" to a width of at least 35 mm and a depth of 20-30 mm. Then we cut the "hairpin" with a wheel about 20 mm in. The "morels" are required to be completely removed or at least cut, creating a 30 x 30 x 40 mm reverse wedge recess. We rinse the holes with plenty of water, on the one hand to remove the generated solids, on the other hand to saturate the area with water, which is a necessary condition for the operation of the penetrating, penetrating, sealing material with chemical action and crystal growth PENETRON ® and the same technology repair PENECRETE MORTAR. On a surface that is wet and without pools of water, apply an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® sealing material, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3.5 parts water (by volume), only in the area of the holes and nests and 1 cm around them . While the PENETRON® sealant is still fresh, mix PENECRETE MORTAR powder with enough water to achieve the desired plasticine texture [usual mixing ratio is 4.5 parts PENECRETE MORTAR with 1 part water (by volume)] and fill the holes and nests of the poor concrete. As soon as the repair mortar PENECRETE MORTAR has set, but is still wet, a second, only local, application with an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® follows.
2B. Application of PENETRON® crystal-growing endochemical sealant
It is possible to either apply PENETRON® water-based coating, penetrating, sealing material with chemical action and crystal development only to the inner surface of the pool, or to the outer surface as well (after excavating the surrounding surface). Alternatively, on the external surface it is possible to apply the SEALCOAT FLEX system (22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT in a solution with 4 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg water), reinforced with mesh or without, or the application of the elastomeric polyurethane membrane, two components, PENECOAT™ HYPER ELASTIC BLACK, by roller, brush or notched trowel, on the properly primed and prepared surface.
This is followed by soaking for 1 – 2 days to activate the PENETRON® crystal growth system and then a 12 day wait for the system to fully activate. Then, the pool is filled with cold clean water (for 3-4 days) and emptied, for the complete cleaning and control of the pool.
3B. Neutralization
Because the application of PENETRON® products on the concrete surface causes the formation and appearance of silicates, not only inside the concrete, but most of the time also on the application surface (usually after the first 48 hours), you create a technical issue with the reduction the adhesion of decorative coatings or paints. The problem is dealt with by the process called "neutralization". Neutralization is essentially a "washing" of the surface after about 3 weeks (safe time of PENETRON® system operation) with a low "aggressive" acid, such as a 3-8% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution or a vinegar solution with water (in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, depending on acidity). Penetron
During application, after cleaning the surface with a broom, using a brush and a plastic container containing the neutralization liquid, we "wash" the surface and then, after a few minutes, rinse with plenty of clean water. The surface can then, after drying, be plastered or painted. Alternatively, in the case of coatings or coating mortars, it can be applied within 48 hours and before the appearance of silicates on the surface. Penetron
In this case, the time for overlay is minimized, however, the inability to control the correct application and operation of the system remains a disadvantage. Also, in this case, there is always a small chance that some percentage of crystals will penetrate the mortars or plasters and appear slightly on their surface. Penetron
4B. Applying a layer of adhesion and "mud" or mortar, to cover the concrete elements, to smooth the walls and bottom of the pool.
Initially, an adhesion layer is applied on the concrete elements for the application of the main cement mortar. The adhesion layer includes either the application of the acrylic resin PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE or PRIMER STX 100, depending on the conditions of the substrate, undiluted with an indicative consumption of 4.9 Lt/m2, or the application of adhesion material, "cast", which consists of of 1 part cement with 2-3 parts sand (by volume) mixed in an aqueous solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX acrylic resin with two parts water (by volume). Penetron
Then the "guides" are made for the application of the filler or mortar. The "drivers" and "fill" consist of 1 part cement and 3 parts sand mixed in a solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX building resin with two to three parts water (by volume), to which polypropylene fibers are also added to prevent cracking . The cement content of the leveling mortar and "guides" is 400-500 kg/m3. Also, PENETRON ADMIX® is added in a proportion of 0.8 – 1% by weight of cement. Penetron
NOTE: In all previous applications lime is never used.Penetron
5B. Finishing the smoothing layer by gluing tiles.
It is recommended to seal the surface of the cement mortar with SEALCOAT FLEX, an elastic or flexible, two-component adhesive sealant (flexible system by mixing 22.68 kg of PENETRON® SEALCOAT in solution with 4 kg of PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg of water) or SEALCOAT ELASTIC (elastic system by mixing 22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT with 12 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC), depending on the requirements of the project, i.e. small and large requirements in bridging capillary cracks. Apply an aqueous coat of the required SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC evenly with a short-bristled brush. Penetron.
The next day, apply a second coat perpendicular to the first. The required consumption of the mixture SEALCOAT™ FLEX ~ 2kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers and SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC is ~ 2.5kg/m2, for a total of 2 layers. It is also possible to reinforce SEALCOAT™ SYSTEMS with glass mesh (5x5 mm frame). In this case, place the glass mesh on the fresh first layer and completely cover the mesh with the second layer, the next day. If required, apply a third coat of SEALCOAT™ FLEX or SEALCOAT™ ELASTIC. The addition of glass mesh may increase the consumption of the mixture to about 3 kg/m2 in total in all 3 layers. Penetron
Usually, if it is considered that the smoothing cement mortar does not present problems or cracks, the SEALCOAT FLEX system is applied, for better adhesion of the adhesive to the surface or in special cases where it is necessary to bridge larger cracks on the surface of the mortar, it is applied
Installation of matching PENEBAR SW hydro-inflatable cord on pool pipes and fittings.
In the case of retrofitting components or pipes that require perimeter sealing/sealing, the corresponding perimeter installation of PENEBAR SW water-inflatable cords is recommended (recommended type of controlled expansion PENEBAR SW 55 TYPE B or often half of type 55 B). The material is placed at a depth of at least 5 cm and covered with fast-setting hydraulic mortar with PENEPLUG® crystal growth.
NOTE: The perimeter cavity for placing the hydro-expandable cord that will then be filled with PENEPLUG® should be in the form of an inverted wedge, for better anchoring of the mortar.
III. Waterproofing – repair of existing pool failures, with pool paint on the finished surface.
A. In the case of an existing swimming pool with shaped end surfaces, with swimming pool paint, where cracks and water loss have been observed, then the removal of the tiles or mosaics and repair of the micro-cracks in the leveling cement mortar surface, using conventional repair materials, is considered.
1A. Removal of paint and control of leveling cement mortar (healthy cement mortar).
First, the paint is removed and the smoothing cement mortar is checked for any failures. If the leveling cement mortar is healthy, the surface is cleaned of friable or polluting factors, which can negatively affect the adhesion of the repair materials and wetting of the substrate as water saturation. This is followed by the application of either PENETRON® MULTI PATCH general repair concrete repair mortar, or PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH polymer-modified early strength mortar, using PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE acrylic adhesion improver to stabilize the substrate and increase adhesion , where this is deemed necessary. PENETRON® MULTI PATCH requires 3.1 kg to 3.4 kg of pure water per 25 kg of mortar and PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH requires 4.7 Lt to 5 Lt of pure water per 22.68 kg of mortar. For the repair of large cavities (larger than 50 mm fillings), we add to PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH, granular aggregate, up to 1 cm. The percentage of aggregates we add must not exceed 25% by weight of PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH. For repairs subject to hydrostatic pressure and active leaks, PENETRON® WATERPLUG RAPID fast setting conventional repair mortar is applied. Immediately after mixing in the proper ratio, as soon as PENETRON® WATERPLUG RAPID has a plastic texture or a "sandstone" texture, depending on the application, apply the material with force to the repair site, pressing it firmly by hand, trowel or another flat object. Press firmly for over a minute. In case of heavy water flow, press for about 6 minutes. Remove excess material with a knife or any sharp object. Do not use a trowel or brush. The final surface of the repairs is finished with suitable means, until a smooth surface is achieved.
2A. Finishing layer of cement mortar (fine or ground).
After the smoothing layer with cement mortar ("slurry"), there is usually a thin layer of mortar with fine aggregates and a very good finish. Especially in cases where pool paint follows (PENECOAT POOL).
This thin finish layer can be produced with conventional materials such as fine sand and quartz aggregates and high cement content (>400 kg/m3). It is also possible to apply, alternatively, a finished product with fine quartz aggregates, PENETRON® TOP FINISH FINE, with an indicative consumption of 1.6 kg/m2 per mm of thickness, usually in a gray or white shade. It is recommended to use an adhesion primer (PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE). Finally, PENECOAT POOL polyurethane pool paint is used in the desired color, with an indicative consumption of 0.15 to 0.20 kgr/m2 per layer. It is applied in two or three layers.
B. In the case of an existing swimming pool with shaped end surfaces, with swimming pool paint, where cracks and water loss have been observed, where greater problems are observed on the surface of the cement mortar (detachment - cracks), then the removal of the tiles or mosaics and removal of the cement mortar is considered smoothing and repair and sealing of healthy concrete, using the PENETRON® crystal growth endochemical system on the surface of the concrete.
1B. Removal of paint and control of leveling cement mortar (loose cement mortar).
First, the paint is removed and the smoothing cement mortar is checked for any failures. If the leveling cement mortar shows failures and its removal is deemed necessary, its removal is carried out using high pressure water jets (300 – 500 bar), until the healthy concrete is exposed.
Next, we treat water ingress from cracks with PENEPLUG® active crystal growth quick-setting mortar (mixed with minimal water, loam form). For the application of PENEPLUG®, we should widen the cracks with a digging tool to a width of 2-3 cm and with a conical base on the inside, for better anchoring of the fast gel during its application. We deal with the stop joints in the same way, cutting on both sides with a cutting wheel and then creating a conical "gutter", about 3 cm wide, using a digging tool. Then, we apply the PENEPLUG® fast-setting mortar.
In some cases, depending on the design of the works, we can apply PENEPLUG® first, so as to limit the inflow of water and then the treatment with water jetting, since PENEPLUG® has acquired good mechanical resistance. It should be clarified, that the PENEPLUG®, after it has been drawn (still fresh), should be applied 1 – 2 layers of PENETRON® aqueous chemical action and crystal growth mixture, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3 – 3.5 parts water (by volume), for easy application with a brush, and consumption in total for both 2 layers, approximately, 1.5 kg/m2.
By mechanical means we widen the holes and nests that have resulted from concreting. Also, by mechanical means we widen the area around the "hairpins" to a width of at least 35 mm and a depth of 20-30 mm. Then we cut the "hairpin" with a wheel about 20 mm in. The "morels" are required to be completely removed or at least cut, creating a 30 x 30 x 40mm reverse wedge recess. We rinse the holes with plenty of water, on the one hand to remove the generated solids, on the other hand to saturate the area with water, which is also a necessary condition for the operation of the penetrating, penetrating, waterproofing material with chemical action and crystal growth PENETRON® and the repair of the same technology as PENECRETE MORTAR. On a surface that is wet and without pools of water, apply an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® sealing material, in a mixing ratio of 5 parts PENETRON® powder to 3.5 parts water (by volume), only in the area of the holes and nests and 1 cm around them . While the PENETRON® sealant is still fresh, mix PENECRETE MORTAR powder with enough water to achieve the desired plasticine texture [usual mixing ratio is 4.5 parts PENECRETE MORTAR with 1 part water (by volume)] and fill the holes and nests of the poor concrete. As soon as the repair mortar PENECRETE MORTAR has set, but is still wet, a second, only local, application with an aqueous mixture of PENETRON® follows.
2B. Application of PENETRON® crystal-growing endochemical sealant
It is possible to either apply PENETRON® water-based coating, penetrating, sealing material with chemical action and crystal development only to the inner surface of the pool, or to the outer surface as well (after excavating the surrounding surface). Alternatively, on the external surface it is possible to apply the SEALCOAT FLEX system (22.68 kg PENETRON® SEALCOAT in a solution with 4 kg PENECRYL ELASTIC and 3 kg water), reinforced with mesh or without, or the application of the elastomeric polyurethane membrane, two components, PENECOAT™ HYPER ELASTIC BLACK, by roller, brush or notched trowel, on the properly primed and prepared surface.
This is followed by soaking for 1 – 2 days to activate the PENETRON® crystal growth system and then a 12 day wait for the system to fully activate. Then, the pool is filled with cold clean water (for 3-4 days) and emptied, for the complete cleaning and control of the pool. Penetron
3B. Neutralization
Because the application of PENETRON® products on the concrete surface causes the formation and appearance of silicates, not only inside the concrete, but most of the time also on the application surface (usually after the first 48 hours), you create a technical issue with the reduction the adhesion of decorative coatings or paints. The problem is dealt with by the process called "neutralization". Neutralization is essentially a "washing" of the surface after about 3 weeks (safe time of PENETRON® system operation) with a low "aggressive" acid, such as a 3-8% hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution or a vinegar solution with water (in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:3, depending on acidity). Penetron
During application, after cleaning the surface with a broom, using a brush and a plastic container containing the neutralization liquid, we "wash" the surface and then, after a few minutes, rinse with plenty of clean water. The surface can then, after drying, be plastered or painted. Alternatively, in the case of coatings or coating mortars, it can be applied within 48 hours and before the appearance of silicates on the surface. In this case, the time for overlay is minimized, however, the inability to control the correct application and operation of the system remains a disadvantage. Also, in this case, there is always a small chance that some percentage of crystals will penetrate the mortars or plasters and appear slightly on their surface.
4B. Applying a layer of adhesion and "mud" or mortar, to cover the concrete elements, to smooth the walls and bottom of the pool.
Initially, an adhesion layer is applied on the concrete elements for the application of the main cement mortar. The adhesion layer includes either the application of the acrylic resin PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE or PRIMER STX 100, depending on the conditions of the substrate, undiluted with an indicative consumption of 4.9 Lt/m2, or the application of adhesion material, "cast", which consists of of 1 part cement with 2-3 parts sand (by volume) mixed in an aqueous solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX acrylic resin with two parts water (by volume).
Then the "guides" are made for the application of the filler or mortar. The "drivers" and "fill" consist of 1 part cement and 3 parts sand mixed in a solution of 1 part PENETRON® LATEX building resin with two to three parts water (by volume), to which polypropylene fibers are also added to prevent cracking . The cement content of the leveling mortar and "guides" is 400-500 kg/m3. Also, PENETRON ADMIX® is added in a proportion of 0.8 – 1% by weight of cement.
NOTE: In all previous applications lime is never used.
5B. Finishing layer of cement mortar (fine or ground).
After the smoothing layer with cement mortar ("slurry"), there is usually a thin layer of mortar with fine aggregates and a very good finish. Especially in cases where pool paint follows (PENECOAT POOL).
This thin finish layer can be produced with conventional materials such as fine sand and quartz aggregates and high cement content (>400 kg/m3). It is also possible to apply, alternatively, a finished product with fine quartz aggregates, PENETRON® TOP FINISH FINE, with an indicative consumption of 1.6 kg/m2 per mm of thickness, usually in a gray or white shade. It is recommended to use an adhesion primer (PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE). Finally, PENECOAT POOL polyurethane pool paint is used in the desired color, with an indicative consumption of 0.15 to 0.20 kgr/m2 per layer. It is applied in two or three layers.
C. In the case of an existing swimming pool with shaped end surfaces, with swimming pool paint, where a failure of the paint has been observed, without the creation of failures in the construction, then the repainting of the pool with PENECOAT POOL polyurethane paint is considered.
First, the paint color is rubbed well until it is well polished. Any loose or friable parts or dirt that can adversely affect the adhesion of the new paint must be removed. Old paint coatings must be removed and the surface roughened for better paint adhesion. In the event of cracks appearing on the surface of the cement mortar, either PENETRON® MULTI PATCH repair mortar for general concrete repairs, or PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH, an early strength development mortar with modified polymers, is applied, with the use of PENETRON® ACRYLIC BONDCRETE acrylic adhesion improver to stabilize it substrate and increasing adhesion, where this is deemed necessary. PENETRON® MULTI PATCH requires 3.1 kg to 3.4 kg of pure water per 25 kg of mortar and PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH requires 4.7 Lt to 5 Lt of pure water per 22.68 kg of mortar. For the repair of large cavities (larger than 50 mm fillings), we add to PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH, granular aggregate, up to 1 cm. The percentage of aggregates we add must not exceed 25% by weight of PENETRON® ACRYLIC PATCH.
Finally, and as long as the surface humidity is less than 5%, PENECOAT POOL polyurethane pool paint is applied in the desired color, with an indicative consumption of 0.15 to 0.20 kgr/m2 per layer. It is applied in two or three layers.
Installation of matching PENEBAR SW hydro-inflatable cord on pool pipes and fittings.
In the case of retrofitting components or pipes that require perimeter sealing/sealing, the corresponding perimeter installation of PENEBAR SW water-inflatable cords is recommended (recommended type of controlled expansion PENEBAR SW 55 TYPE B or often half of type 55 B). The material is placed at a depth of at least 5 cm and covered with fast-setting hydraulic mortar with PENEPLUG® crystal growth.
NOTE: The perimeter cavity for placing the hydro-expandable cord that will then be filled with PENEPLUG® should be in the form of an inverted wedge, for better anchoring of the mortar. Penetron
Following is a schematic illustration of discontinuity repairs with PENETRON® chemical action and crystal growth materials from PENETRON INTERNATIONAL LTD. Penetron
To clarify that the above is not a construction study, but a technical proposal according to the information we have for the corresponding project and based on our best experience and knowledge so far. For more information regarding the safe use, processing and storage of the products contact PENETRON HELLAS, at Product Characteristics Sheet and to Product Safe Use Leaflet for every product you use. Penetron
PENETRON HELLAS
THRAKOMACEDONON 52A
136 71 ACHARNES
TEL: 210 2448250 – FAX: 210 2476803
www.penetron.gr – info@penetron.gr
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